Dr. Chandana Annyam (BDS)
Published on - 20 Nov 2023
Tooth enamel is the outermost layer of the tooth and plays a crucial role in protecting teeth. Here are some key facts about enamel:
1. Hardest Substance in the Body:
Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body. It is even harder than bone..
2. 95% Mineral Content:
Enamel is primarily composed of minerals, with about 95% of its content consisting of hydroxyapatite, a crystalline structure made of calcium and phosphate.
3. No Nerves or Blood Vessels:
Enamel does not contain nerves or blood vessels. Therefore, it cannot sense pain, and any damage or decay must be detected by the underlying dentin or pulp.
4. Translucent Appearance::
Enamel is translucent, allowing some of the underlying dentin colour to show through. This translucency contributes to the overall appearance of the tooth.
5. Non-repairable Tissue::
Unlike other parts of the body, enamel does not contain living cells. Once damaged, it cannot regenerate or repair itself.
6. Enamel Thickness:
Enamel thickness varies across different teeth. For example, it is typically thinner on the front teeth and thicker on the molars, which endure more chewing forces.
7. Protective Shield:
Enamel acts as a protective shield for the more sensitive layers of the tooth, such as dentin and pulp, guarding against acids, bacteria, and temperature changes.
8. Vulnerable to Acids:
Enamel can be eroded by acidic foods and beverages. Acidic erosion can lead to enamel thinning and increase the risk of cavities.
9. Daily Wear and Tear:
Enamel undergoes daily wear and tear from activities such as chewing, biting, and grinding. Proper oral hygiene and dental care help minimize damage.
10. Colour Variations:
Enamel can have various shades, ranging from light yellow to grayish white. The underlying dentin colour influences the overall colour of the tooth.
11. Enamel Hypoplasia:
Enamel hypoplasia is a condition where enamel formation is incomplete, leading to thin or pitted enamel. This condition can result from factors like malnutrition, illness, or trauma during tooth development.
12. Role of Fluoride in Protection of Enamel:
Fluoride, when incorporated into the enamel structure, strengthens and helps prevent tooth decay. Fluoride promotes remineralization, making enamel more resistant to acid attacks.
13. Demineralisation of Enamel:
Cavities, or caries, form when acids produced by bacteria in the mouth dissolve the minerals in enamel. This demineralization weakens the enamel structure.
14. Abrasion and Erosion:
Enamel can be affected by abrasion (physical wear, such as improper toothbrushing) and erosion (chemical wear, such as exposure to acidic substances).
15. Daily Care for Enamel Protection:
Proper oral hygiene practices, including regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups, are essential for maintaining enamel health and preventing decay..
Being informed about these facts of enamel can help you take better care of your teeth and make informed choices that contribute to a lifetime of healthy smiles.